Neural Dissociation within Language: Lexical Memory is Part of Declarative Memory Grammatical Rules are Processed by Procedural System

Neurological: Focal lesions,
Alzheimer’s & Parkinson’s

Temporal-lobe damage (herpes simplex, Alzheimer’s)

• L2 worse than L1, including syntax

Frontal or basal-ganglia damage (left focal lesions, Parkinson’s)

• Grammar: L1 and highly-practiced L2 worse than less-practiced L2

• Lexicon: No L1/L2 difference

(Ku, Lachmann, & Nagler, 1996; Fabbro & Paradis, 1995; Ullman, 2001c; Zanini et al, 2004)

•

Second Language