Neural Dissociation within Language: Lexical Memory is Part of Declarative Memory Grammatical Rules are Processed by Procedural System

Lexical processing:

• Temporal lobe regions;
BA 45/47 for retrieval

Grammatical processing:

• Broca’s (especially BA 44);
the basal ganglia;
superior/anterior temporal cortex

• Measure changes in blood oxygenation/flow in the brain.

• Changes correlate with changes in neural activity.

(Damasio et al., 1996; Embick et al., 2000; Indefrey et al. 1999; Moro et al., 2001; Newman et al., 2001; Ni et al., 2000; Stromswold et a. 1996; Friederici, 2002, 2004)

First Language

Hemodynamic Neuroimaging: fMRI, PET